What type of chemical treatment is applied to prevent scale formation in boiler systems?

In boiler systems, preventing scale formation is crucial to maintain efficiency and prolong the equipment's lifespan. The correct choice encompasses a range of chemical treatments, as each plays a role in scale prevention through different mechanisms.

Phosphate treatment helps in scale control by sequestering calcium and magnesium ions present in water. By forming soluble complexes with these minerals, it reduces their availability to form hard scales on boiler surfaces.

Organic biocides, while primarily used to control biological fouling, can indirectly support scale prevention by maintaining overall water quality and reducing debris that could encourage scale build-up.

pH control agents are critical in maintaining the optimal pH level of the water, which is vital for preventing corrosion and scaling. By keeping the water pH within ideal boundaries, these agents assist in minimizing scale formation that occurs under acidic or highly alkaline conditions.

Therefore, the comprehensive approach to utilizing all these chemical treatments collectively contributes to effective scale prevention in boiler systems, justifying the correct answer as all of the mentioned types of treatments.